How to Strengthen Intergovernmental Relationships Without Compromising Sovereignty
In Indian Country, the balance between collaboration and sovereignty is a delicate one. Tribal governments have long engaged in intergovernmental relationships with federal, state, and local entities—whether through public safety agreements, environmental partnerships, or health care coordination. These relationships can be essential to serving tribal citizens, leveraging resources, and asserting leadership on shared issues. But too often, these arrangements are shaped by external terms or unequal power dynamics, leaving tribal sovereignty diminished or misunderstood.
At Suli Strategies, LLC, we work with Tribal Nations to navigate these relationships with intention and strategy—ensuring that every partnership serves tribal priorities and respects inherent sovereignty. Here’s how tribes can strengthen intergovernmental relationships while keeping sovereignty at the center.
Lead with Clarity: Define the Tribal Government’s Terms First
Before entering any intergovernmental agreement, it's essential to define your Nation’s goals, legal authorities, and red lines. What are you seeking to accomplish? What laws or traditions must be honored in the process? What terms are non-negotiable?
Too often, intergovernmental discussions begin with state or federal proposals, not tribal positions. Flipping that dynamic—by articulating tribal policy, jurisdiction, and procedural requirements from the start—sets the tone for a government-to-government relationship, not a subordinate one.
Tip: Use formal resolutions, legal memos, or internal policy frameworks to document your position and prepare for negotiation.
Use Legal Agreements That Center Sovereignty
Written agreements like MOUs, MOAs, or cross-deputization agreements should be reviewed through a sovereignty lens. These documents should:
Acknowledge tribal jurisdiction and governmental status
Include termination or opt-out clauses under tribal control
Provide for regular review or renewal
Ensure tribal laws and customs are respected in implementation
Avoid language that suggests waiver of sovereign immunity (unless explicitly intended and narrowly tailored)
These aren’t just legal formalities—they are sovereignty safeguards.
Build Relationships with People, Not Just Institutions
Government-to-government doesn’t mean government-to-bureaucracy. Strong intergovernmental work relies on relationships—between elected leaders, staff, lawyers, and liaisons who understand each other's priorities and communication styles.
Tribal governments benefit when they invest in roles like intergovernmental affairs directors or policy liaisons, who can attend meetings, represent tribal positions, and build rapport with state and federal counterparts without compromising leadership’s authority.
Tip: Host intergovernmental roundtables or invite officials to tribal events—not just when something is on the agenda, but as part of sustained diplomacy.
Insist on Consultation—But Don’t Wait for It
Tribes have the right to meaningful consultation under federal law, but waiting on consultation to be offered can delay progress. When there’s a proposed rule, funding program, or policy shift on the horizon, tribal governments can:
Request consultation in writing with specific issues to be addressed
Submit formal comments documenting tribal concerns and recommendations
Propose alternative language or frameworks that reflect tribal interests
Partner with other tribes or intertribal organizations to amplify shared positions
Taking initiative in the consultation process shows both strength and professionalism—and helps shape outcomes more effectively.
Stay Rooted in Who You Are
Intergovernmental work can be technical and legalistic, but it’s ultimately a reflection of tribal identity. Whether drafting a compact or speaking on a panel, tribal leaders and staff should feel empowered to bring their Nation’s language, worldview, and history into the room.
Sovereignty doesn’t mean isolation. It means exercising the right to self-govern and self-define, even while engaging with other governments.
Final Thoughts
Strong intergovernmental relationships don’t require tribes to give up power—they require tribes to assert power strategically. By leading with clarity, negotiating on tribal terms, and building authentic relationships rooted in respect, tribal governments can advance their priorities and protect what matters most.
At Suli Strategies, LLC, we specialize in helping Tribal Nations structure intergovernmental relationships that work—for today and for future generations. Whether you’re negotiating a compact, navigating a federal consultation, or building new partnerships, we’re here to support your vision.
Contact us today to learn how we can help you protect sovereignty while strengthening the relationships that serve your people.